Analysis of the Problem of Reactive Power Generation in Shopping Malls
Abstract
Abstract. This study presents the results of a detailed experimental investigation into the power consumption characteristics of a modern shopping center, primarily engaged in retail trade. The main objective was to identify the sources and causes of reactive power generation in the facility's electrical network, with a specific focus on capacitive reactive power, which has been increasingly observed in recent years with the widespread adoption of energy-efficient technologies.
To achieve this, electrical parameters such as voltage, current, active, reactive, and apparent power were monitored and recorded over a two-week period with 24-hour sampling intervals. This allowed for comprehensive coverage of typical load fluctuations corresponding to daily operational cycles. The collected data were analyzed to detect anomalies and assess the impact of various types of electrical loads.
The results of the analysis revealed a consistent presence of capacitive reactive power in specific areas of the shopping center, especially those dominated by LED lighting systems and electronic equipment powered by pulsed (switched-mode) power supplies. It was determined that the LED luminaires, particularly when operating in partial-load (dimmed) mode or in the presence of harmonic distortions generated by their drivers, were the primary contributors to the observed reactive energy flow.
A literature review was also conducted to support the empirical findings. Scientific publications confirm that the generation of higher-order current harmonics, along with the decreased efficiency and power factor of LED drivers under low-load conditions, significantly contributes to the appearance of capacitive reactive power in such installations. These distortions not only reduce overall power quality but also increase energy losses and may lead to malfunction or reduced service life of sensitive equipment.
Based on the experimental data and theoretical analysis, the study identifies key mechanisms behind the generation of capacitive reactive power and outlines several technical approaches for its mitigation. These include the use of passive inductive compensation devices, improved driver design, and regulatory measures to limit harmonic emissions in commercial electrical systems.
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